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Counseling Psychology is a specialty within professional psychology that maintains a focus on facilitating personal and interpersonal functioning across the life span. The specialty pays particular attention to emotional, social, vocational, educational, health-related, developmental, and organizational concerns.
The practice of Counseling Psychology encompasses a broad range of culturally-sensitive practices that help people improve their well-being, alleviate distress and maladjustment, resolve crises, and increase their ability to function better in their lives. With its attention to both to normal developmental issues and problems associated with physical, emotional, and mental disorders, the specialization holds a unique perspective in the broader practice-based areas of psychology.
Counseling Psychologists serve persons of all ages and cultural backgrounds in both individual and group settings. They also consult regularly with organizations seeking to enhance their effectiveness or the well-being of their members.
Interventions used by Counseling Psychologists may be either brief or long-term; they are often problem-specific and goal-directed. These activities are guided by a philosophy that values individual differences and diversity and a focus on prevention, development, and adjustment across the life-span.
Counseling psychologists help people of all ages deal with emotional, social, developmental, and other life concerns. These professionals use a variety of strategies to help people manage behavioral issues, cope with stress, alleviate anxiety and distress, and deal with the issues associated with psychological disorders.
Counseling psychology focuses on providing therapeutic treatments to clients who experience a wide variety of symptoms. It is also one of the largest specialty areas within psychology.
The Society of Counseling Psychology describes the field as “a specialty within professional psychology that maintains a focus on facilitating personal and interpersonal functioning across the life span. The specialty pays particular attention to emotional, social, vocational, educational, health-related, developmental and organizational concerns.”
What Do Counseling Psychologists Do?
Many counseling psychologists provide psychotherapy services, but other career paths are also available. Research, teaching, and vocational counseling are just a few of the possible alternatives to psychotherapy.
Whether they are working with clients in a hospital setting or counseling students in an academic environment, these psychologists rely on a broad range of psychological theories and therapeutic approaches to help people overcome problems and realize their full potential.
Where Do Counseling Psychologists Work?
Counseling psychologists work in a variety of locations, including private businesses, the military, government agencies, consulting practices, and more.
- Some professionals work in academic settings as professors, psychotherapy providers, and researchers.
- Others work in hospitals and mental health clinics, often alongside physicians and other mental health professionals including clinical psychologists, social workers, and psychiatric nurses.
- Still, other counseling psychologists are self-employed in independent practice and offer psychotherapy services to individuals, families, and groups.
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Required Education and Training
A Ph.D., Psy.D., or Ed.D. degree is required to become a counseling psychologist. Some students start by earning a bachelor’s degree in a subject such as psychology or social work and then receive a master’s degree in counseling or psychology before entering a doctorate program. In other cases, students can bypass the master’s program and go straight from their undergraduate degree into a five- or six-year doctoral degree program.2
A Doctor of Philosophy or Doctor of Psychology degree will typically be offered through a university’s psychology department, while the Doctor of Education in counseling psychology can be found at a school’s college of education. Most of these programs receive accreditation through the American Psychological Association (APA).
If you are looking for a program in counseling psychology, start by checking out the list of accredited programs in professional psychology maintained by the APA.
Counseling Psychology vs. Clinical Psychology
Out of all the graduate psychology degrees awarded each year, 56% are in the health service provision subfields: counseling, clinical, and school psychology.3 Counseling psychology shares many commonalities with clinical psychology, but it is also different in several different ways.
Some of the key similarities between counseling and clinical psychology are:4
- Both are trained to provide psychotherapy
- Both often work in hospitals, mental health clinics, academic settings, and independent practice
- Both can be licensed in all 50 states as licensed psychologists and can practice independently
Some of the key differences between the two professions include:4
- There are differences in training and education between the professions
- Clinical psychologists tend to focus on psychopathology
- Counseling psychologists tend to concentrate on overall well-being through the lifespan
While both clinical and counseling psychologists perform psychotherapy, those working as clinicians typically deal with clients experiencing more severe mental illnesses. Counseling psychologists often work with people who are experiencing less severe symptoms. The treatment outlook can also differ between clinical and counseling psychology.
Clinicians often approach mental illness from a medical perspective, while counseling psychologists often take a more general approach that encompasses a range of psychotherapeutic techniques. Of course, the individual approach a therapist takes depends on a variety of factors, including their educational background, training, and theoretical.
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